Hepatitis and pregnancy (literature review)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15574/PP.2019.80.64

Keywords:

pregnancy, hepatitis B, hepatitis C

Abstract

Today, hepatitis is a global problem in modern healthcare, with changes in epidemiology due to various factors. The prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses in the population is associated with risk factors for transmission of the virus, such as blood and blood products transfusion, dental and surgical procedures, tattooing, use of biological materials, use of injectable substances, along with sexual and vertical transmission. This article provides a review of literature concerning current views on pregnancy and hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) viruses, as well as recent advances in reducing the frequency of their transmission from mother to child. It has been shown that pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality compared with pregnant women with chronic viral hepatitis. The risk of vertical transmission of hepatitis viruses is higher in pregnant women with acute infection than in women with its chronic form. Breastfeeding is safe for women with chronic HBV or HCV when there is no nipple injuries. Acute HAV infection during pregnancy is rare. Management of viral hepatitis during pregnancy requires assessing the risk of its transmission to the baby, determining the age of gestation at the time of infection and the risk of decompensation of the mother, as well as understanding the adverse effects of antiviral drugs. In the future, it is important to conduct more studies among pregnant women in this field, as well as to introduce prenatal screening for hepatitis B and C, because, despite the current advances in its treatment, it is still not possible to cure these diseases completely, but it is possible to improve the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases. It is also necessary to introduce mandatory immunization in all newborns, and special attention should be given to patients with HBV risk factors, conduct rapid diagnosis and direct them to specific vaccinations.
No conflict of interest were declared by the authors.

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No. 4(80) (2019): Ukrainian Journal of Perinatology and Pediatrics

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