Polycythemia syndrome in childhood (literature review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/PP.2024.3(99).153162Keywords:
polycythemia syndrome, newborns, children of early and late age, etiopathogenesis, clinic, treatment, prognosisAbstract
The relevance of polycythemia syndrome in pediatrics is related to the long-term consequences of hypoxia, especially for the brain, which to one degree or another causes the development of neurological consequences. Polycythemia is one of the many and quite complex in terms of choosing tactics for managing neonatal diseases. A number of conditions and nosologies characteristic of the perinatal period lead to the development of this pathology. A decrease in the perfusion of organs that develops against the background of polycythemia can be accompanied not only by their transient dysfunction, but also by a severe lesion that leads to a violation of the further development of the child, disability. A child may lag behind in psychomotor and physical development, suffer from social adaptation disorders, etc.
Aim - to review the current definition of polycythemia and the appropriate management that can be used to aid clinical decision making.
According to modern data, polycythemia (erythremia) is a condition characterized by an increase in the number of erythrocytes (more than 7.5 T/l), the level of hemoglobin (more than 180 g/l) and the total volume of erythrocytes (TBC) (more than 0.52 ). The term "polycythemia" is used only in relation to erythrocytes, without taking into account the number of leukocytes and platelets. When talking about an absolute increase in the number of erythrocytes, the term "erythrocytosis" is used. "Erythremia" is called "true polycythemia (polycythemiavera)", in which the number of leukocytes and platelets is increased. In newborns and children of early and older age, this condition can be caused by various factors, such as hypoxia, infections, damage to the cardiovascular system, perinatal complications, and others. According to the literature (domestic and international sources), the following forms of polycythemia are distinguished - true (primary) and relative (secondary). The mass of erythrocytes increases only with true polycythemia. The total volume of erythrocytes changes in true and secondary polycythemia.
An analysis of literary sources was carried out and information from many different researchers was provided regarding the factors of the development of polycythemia, etiopathogenesis, clinical and laboratory indicators, the basis for which are the anatomical and physiological features of the child’s body.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
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