The influence of smoking on the biochemical indicators of oral fluid in teenagers and young adults who smoke

Abstract

Purpose - is to study the effect of smoking on the biochemical indicators of oral fluid in teenagers and young adults.

Materials and methods. The study of biochemical indicators of oral fluid was carried out of 114 teenagers and young adults from 15 to 24 years’ old who were divided into groups: the Group I included 26 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; the Group II - 22 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Vapes); the Group III - 23 people who regularly smoke devices for heating tobacco (IQOS); the Group IV - 43 people without the harmful habit of smoking. Biochemical indicators were studied: the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase, the content of inorganic phosphorus and calcium.

Results. The average values of alkaline phosphatase activity in the examined subjects of the I group were 1.5 times lower compared to persons of teenagers and young adults who do not smoke (IV group), (p<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity was also 1.2 times lower in people who smoke alternative types of cigarettes compared to non-smokers (p<0.05). At the same time, an increased activity of acid phosphatase was found, the indicators of which also depended on the type of smoking. Thus, the activity of acid phosphatase was 3.6 times higher in the examined subjects of the I group compared to persons of teenagers and young adults who do not smoke (IV group), (p<0.05). In people who smoke alternative types of cigarettes, the activity of acid phosphatase was 2.2 times higher compared to people who do not smoke (p<0.05). In the oral fluid of teenagers and young adults who have a bad habit, an increased content of calcium and a reduced content of inorganic phosphorus were found compared to those examined in the IV group.

Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a violation of the normal functional activity of the organs of the oral cavity under the influence of a bad habit. Changes in the biochemical parameters of the oral fluid occur in adolescents and young adults who smoke. Oral fluid parameters may be an early prognostic test for assessing oral health in teenagers and young adults who smoke.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.

No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.