Non-compact myocardium of the left ventricle in newborn: literature data and clinical case

Abstract

Uncompact left ventricular myocardium is a rare and poorly studied form of cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by a violation of endomyocardial morphogenesis, left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy with its pathological trabecularity and the formation of wide intertrabular spaces. With this pathology, the left ventricular myocardium consists of two layers — normal and non-compact.

This article contains a clinical case of a non-compact myocardium of the left ventricle in newborn. The cause of non-compact left ventricular myocardium is imperfect embryogenesis, because of which the normal development of the myocardium is disturbed. Heart failure is the most common symptom complex in patients with non-compact left ventricular myocardium. An uncompact myocardium is a disorganized layer of muscle fibers, in which normal architectonics is disturbed, which leads to a significant reduction in contractility. Thus, the higher the percentage of non-compact myocardium of the total mass of the heart muscle, the more marked the signs of chronic heart failure. In addition, there is chronic myocardial ischemia, which occurs because of microcirculation disorders. Mortality during the first 6 years is up to 50%. The prognosis also worsens the presence of ventricular arrhythmias. Timely prenatal suspicion of myocardial disease, clarification of the diagnosis immediately after birth and the prescribing of therapy significantly affect the prevention of heart failure.